Why Florida is a Beacon for Brazilian Immigrants
That means there's a total of 817 species being impacted, which is like a 23% increase. Crazy, right? OMG, like the assessment only looked at how marine and coastal species get messed up by eating stuff and getting tangled, and it found out that there are 136 more species that are affected. So, the total number of species affected is now 519. Crazy, right? The main flex of new species records were for gobbling up plastics, like microplastics, and getting caught up in lost or ditched fishing gear (mostly line, nets, or pots). Many of the affected species are lowkey protected, ya know? Like, check it, there's this IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, right?
OMG, so like this new study (CBD, 2016) found out that there are 154 more marine species getting wrecked by marine litter since the last review in 2012 (CBD, 2012).
And out of the 120 marine mammals on there, 54 of them (that's like 45%) were all tangled up or eating marine litter. Crazy, right? Like, around 15% of the marine mammal species that get all tangled up and eat stuff they shouldn't are on the IUCN Red List, ya know? Yo, like, I checked out the 154 new records of affected species and, like, around 10% of them are in some serious danger, you know? We're talking about those big baleen whales and those sea birds that can only be found in specific places. They're like threatened, vulnerable, endangered, or even critically endangered, man. Yo, like, there were, like, nine more species of those affected sea creatures that were, like, not even checked by the Red List yet or they just didn't have enough data, you know? And, like, five of them were toothed whales, man. (or RIP) and so are like, probs gonna seriously sleep on the problem. If animals be affected but yeet unseen, then they ain't reported. Evidence lowkey says that only like 3 to 10% of entanglements are actually seen and reported (Butterworth et al., 2012).
OMG, there's probs way more marine species getting wrecked by marine litter, either straight up or indirectly, cuz there's trash everywhere, like those never-ending microplastics in the ocean (CBD, 2016).
The shattering of plastic trash can happen cuz of non-living stuff and also cuz of living stuff (Kühn et al., 2015). OMG, like microplastics being eaten by all sorts of creatures is a major issue. They're literally everywhere and so tiny that tons of different organisms might gobble them up. The smaller the particle the more it's poppin' for small animals, which are like hella important 'cause they the OGs of the food web. Deposit- and filter feeding marine fauna will be like super vulnerable to the uptake or eating of microplastics, as well as planktonic invertebrates in oceanic gyre regions where microplastics concentrations are like way high (CBD, 2016). The UNEP yearbook 2011 was like, "Yo, marine microplastics are totally one of the biggest global emerging environmental issues, fam."
Yo, in dis chapter 2 we gonna spill da tea on da big biological impacts, flex some case studies for relevant species for da two main types of impacts, which are entanglement and ingestion, and chat about how it messes wit different levels of biological organization, ya feel me? These findings be mainly
Yo, let's peep and chat about the stats on how many animals are getting hit and if those numbers actually matter for the whole gang. But we also gotta check out how bad they're hurting, so we bring up the whole animal welfare situation. The tea spilled in this report is like majorly showing how marine litter is, like, seriously messing with the vibes of wild marine animals.
⦁ Entanglement ⦁Scale and extent of entanglement in marine wildlife, like, whoa!
The most lit effect of pollution on marine organisms is when wildlife gets all tangled up in marine litter, like, you know, when they get caught in fishing gear or rope that's been thrown away or lost. Direct harm is, like, way more often reported for entanglement than for ingestion, cuz it's easier to see the bad effects on individuals, ya know? Like, they get all messed up with injuries and even die sometimes. OMG, like 80% of entanglement reports are straight up dangerous or deadly, while only 5% of ingestion reports are, according to CMS, 2014.
The data should be interpreted with caution cuz they're probs biased by diffz in how often stuff gets reported.
Entanglement is way more visible and gets recorded more often than ingestion, which needs a post mortem exam to confirm (CBD, 2012). But like, if you look at the species records, it's obvi that this problem is, like, a big deal. Kühn et al. (2015) found that compared to the super detailed review by Laist (1997), the number of bird, turtle, and mammal species with known entanglement reports went up from 89 (21%) to 161 (30%). That's like a major increase, dude! And get this, 100% of marine turtles (7 out of 7 species), 67% of seals (22 out of 33 species), 31% of whales (25 out of 80 species), and 25% of seabirds (103 out of 406 species) saw some pretty big jumps too. And it's not just them, fishes (89 species) and invertebrates (92 species) also got in on the action with more species records. It's wild, man! Bruh, like baleen whales (69%; 9 of 13 species) and eared seals (100%, 13 of 13 species) be the mammals that get hit the hardest by entanglement, you know? OMG, like studies showing fish getting trapped in old fishing gear have totally blown up the number of species affected (check out table 1). But for reptiles, fish, and invertebrates, the percentage of affected species isn't even a valid stat because there are, like, so many species that haven't been properly looked into. For instance it may be like, way less worth it to flex on socials with individual entanglement records for basic fishes or lowkey small species than, for example, for a bigger megafauna (Kühn et al., 2015). OMG, like, the stats show that, worldwide, around 57k to 135k pinnipeds and baleen whales get all tangled up each year. And that's not even counting the countless - but probs millions - of birds, turtles, fish, and other species. It's like, so sad, you know? Like, when it comes to animal entanglement and ingestion, we mostly base our guesses on animals we've actually seen alive, you know?
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